What is the Basic Model of Programming

The basic model of computation includes a series of phases starting from defining  a problem, analysing that problem, designing and planning the procedure to be followed, coding of the Let's discuss these phases in details in the following section.

Defining the Problem (Phase 1)

In this phase, the programmer has to define the task precisely and check for completeness. The defined problem should not be ambiguous, imprecise, or arbitrarily defined.

Analysing Problem (Phase 2)

In the problem definition phase, the programmer has to reflect all the possibilities for decision-making. When the programming defines the problem, a proper analysis of that problem requires. As the problem analysis helps in designing and coding for that particular problem.

in this phase, the programmer has to declare the computational strategies to analyze the defined problem with the help of available resources, such as database. Programming techniques including sequence, selection, and iteration, can be used to develop the logic for the analysis with the help of searching, sorting, inserting, and merging. Different procedures that can be followed to analyze the problem are arithmetic, logical, and relational.

Designing a Program (Phase 3)

After defining and analyzing the problem, you need to design the solution of the problem. In this phase, the basic aspect is the selection of suitable data structure, which depend on amount and nature of the data that is to be stored. The suitable data structure in the designing  phase is an algorithm. It is primary stage of program that leads to correct and efficient program designing.

Another way that can be follow to design a process for problem solving is the top-down design approach. It is a strategy where the problem is divided into a hierarchical structure. A separate sub-program may be designed for each module. The top-down approach provides a method of handling the inherent logical complexity. This allows the programmer to build a solution in a step-wise manner. Flowchart is the best example for the top-down design approach.

Coding a Program (Phase 4)

In this phase, the programmer needs to write a program with the helps of coding. However, before coding a program, the logic must  be developed by using the program development tools, such as algorithm and flowchart. You can also divide a program into similar sub programs for easier programming. This procedure is called refinement of the original problem. You can define the data items, variables, and constant while writing the code for the program.

Testing a Programs (Phase 5)

After writing a program, programmer needs to test the programs for completeness, correctness, reliability, and maintainability. This phase enhances the quality of the program. To test any problem, it is important to identify the available data based on the specific criteria of selection and the level at which the data is tested.

          Selection of Data for testing Purpose:

Testing of data is relevant only if the selection of data is accurate and appropriate. Selecting data can be either live data or artificial data. The live data can be collected from the existing system, which is required for live project. On the other hand, artificial data may be generated by some other sources that can be tested in the program.

Levels of testing the Programs:

                     I.        Unit testing refers to testing in which a complex program can be divided into sub programs and each module can be tested separately.

                   II.        Programs testing refers to testing in which a programs is sufficiently small to test at once.

                  III.        Verification testing refers to the process of using the program in a live environment and looks for errors.

Maintaining Programs (Phase 6)

This phase includes either the improvement of the program or the correction that arises during the executing of the programs. Improvement or amendment in the program requires proper documentation of the program. If one program has developed the program and another programmer is involved in the maintenance, then he/she must have complete information about the data items and logical development of that program.